¥449.00 CNY
Single Bottle (90 Servings)
SKU: CN13053US
Vitamin and mineral supplements are considered essential for individuals who are not able to receive adequate amounts through diets, as supplements help provide vitamins and minerals that may be lacking. Appropriate intake of vitamin and mineral supplements help to support a healthy immune system, a healthy cardiovascular system, strong bones, and metabolism. There is no substitute for a healthy, well-balanced diet; however, in today’s fast-paced lifestyles, it may be difficult to ensure that adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals are consumed. Not only does Isotonix Multivitamin provide 100% or more of the recommended daily allowance of many vitamins and minerals, but it utilises the Isotonix Delivery System, ensuring rapid* absorption of nutrients into the body. Simply put: Your body is getting more vitamins and nutrients faster. Whether our Isotonix Multivitamin is suitable for you depends on your unique needs. The benefits of iron are well-documented; this essential mineral helps carry oxygen and helps in the formation of red blood cells. But not everyone needs additional iron in their diet. Knowing this, you can get Isotonix Multivitamin – with all the same benefits of a multivitamin product to support your overall health and well-being. Individual response varies.
See detailsBenefits
- Calcium: Helps to maintain heart health and muscle contraction and nerve sensitivity. Helps with blood solidification (coagulation). Helps to maintain healthy bones and teeth.
- Magnesium: A component of teeth and bones. Participates in the sugar metabolism. Helps to maintain heart health and the normal functions of muscles and nerves, together with sodium, potassium and calcium.
- Vitamin A: Helps format rhodopsin to help eyes adapt to the change of light. Helps to improve the eye's sensitivity to light. Maintains eyesight in low light conditions. Maintains the normal function of the epithelial tissue.
- Vitamin B1: Participates in the energy metabolism. Helps to maintain functions of the neuro-system and heart health. Helps to maintain a normal appetite.
- Vitamin B2: A component of co-enzyme. Participates in the energy metabolism. Helps to maintain healthy skin.
- Folic Acid: A component of co-enzymes. Participates in the formation of nucleic acid and nucleic protein.
- Vitamin B6: Participates in the metabolism of amino acids. Helps with the conversion of tryptophan into Niacin Equivalent. Helps the body to maintain the normal size of red blood cells. Helps to maintain a healthy neuro-system.
- Biotin: Participates in the metabolism of energy and amino acids. Participates in the synthesis of fat and glycogen.
- Pantothenic Acid: Participates in the metabolism of energy. Participates in the formation of fat and cholesterol and in the metabolism of amino acids.
- Vitamin C: Helps with the formation of collagen. Helps to maintain the tightness of the cell arrangement. Participates in the oxidation-reduction reaction in the body. Helps to maintain the growth of connective tissue, bones and teeth. Improves the absorption of iron.
- Vitamin D3: Helps with the absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus. Helps with the growth and development of teeth and bones. Helps to maintain the normal function of nerves and muscles. Helps with calcification of bones.
- Iodine: Helps to maintain the normal growth and development of muscles and normal nerve function.
- Vitamin E: Helps to maintain the integrity of the cell membrane. Has an antioxidant function. Maintains healthy skin and blood cells.
- Zinc: Participates in the formation of nucleic acid and protein. Participates in the metabolism of energy.
Gluten Free - the finished product contains no detectable gluten
No Detectable GMO - the finished product contains no detectable genetically modified organisms
Vegetarian - this product is vegetarian
Isotonic-Capable Supplements: easy-to-swallow isotonic supplements that allow for faster nutrient absorption by the body. Individual response varies
* USA FDA classifies gluten-free as a finished product containing less than 20PPM gluten.
Details
Appropriate intake of vitamin and mineral supplements help to support a healthy immune system, a healthy cardiovascular system, strong bones, and metabolism. There is no substitute for a healthy, well-balanced diet; however, in today’s fast-paced lifestyles, it may be difficult to ensure that adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals are consumed.
Not only does Isotonix Multivitamin provide 100% or more of the recommended daily allowance of many vitamins and minerals, but it utilises the Isotonix Delivery System, ensuring rapid* absorption of nutrients into the body. Simply put: Your body is getting more vitamins and nutrients faster.
Whether our Isotonix Multivitamin is suitable for you depends on your unique needs. The benefits of iron are well-documented; this essential mineral helps carry oxygen and helps in the formation of red blood cells. But not everyone needs additional iron in their diet. Knowing this, you can get Isotonix Multivitamin – with all the same benefits of a multivitamin product to support your overall health and well-being.
Individual response varies.
Learn More
Ingredients
Beta-carotene, also known as pro-vitamin A, can be converted into vitamin A when additional levels are required. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin and is part of a family of compounds, including retinol, retinal and beta-carotene. Vitamin A helps to support healthy immune system.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Vitamin C is found in peppers (sweet, green, red, hot red and green chili), citrus fruits and Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, collards, mustard greens, broccoli, spinach, guava, kiwi fruit, currants and strawberries. Nuts and grains contain small amounts of vitamin C. Cooking can destroy vitamin C activity. Vitamin C supports a healthy immune system and provides some antioxidant protection. The body does not manufacture vitamin C on its own, nor does it store it. Therefore, vitamin C must be acquired through diet or supplementation.
Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
Thiamin supports carbohydrate metabolism and healthy nervous system.
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
Niacin is a water-soluble vitamin necessary for many aspects of health. It supports skin health and also converts food to energy. Niacin (also known as vitamin B-3) is found in dairy products, poultry, fish, lean meats, nuts, eggs, legumes, and enriched breads and cereals.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is naturally found in meats, liver, beef, pork, eggs, whole milk, cheese, whole wheat bread and fish. Vitamin B12 can only be found in animal products, with small amounts derived from fermented soy products, such as miso and tempeh, and peanuts. Individuals who are not able to obtain adequate amounts through diets can consider consuming a vitamin B12 supplement to maintain optimal health. Vitamin B12 helps to maintain energy levels and supports healthy nervous system.
Folate (Folic acid)
Folic acid is mainly found in fruits and vegetables. Dark, leafy greens, oranges, orange juice, beans and peas are the best sources, as well as Brewer’s yeast, which supplies additional B vitamins. Folic acid and vitamin B12 work together in maintaining healthy red blood cells.
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Vitamin B2 is found in liver, dairy products, dark green vegetables and some types of seafood. Vitamin B2 serves as a co-enzyme, working with other B vitamins. It supports healthy skin. Vitamin B2 plays a role in turning food into energy. Vitamin B2 aids in the breakdown of fats, while functioning as a cofactor or helper in activating vitamin B6 and folic acid. Vitamin B2 is water-soluble and cannot be stored by the body except in insignificant amounts; thus, it must be replenished daily.
Vitamin B6
Poultry, fish, whole grains and bananas are the main dietary sources of vitamin B6. It also assists in the maintenance of healthy red blood cells. Vitamin B6 is required for haemoglobin synthesis. It is also a nutrient that helps to maintain healthy brain and nerves function.
Vitamin D3
Regular sunlight exposure is the main way that most humans get their vitamin D. Food sources of vitamin D are vitamin D-fortified milk, cod liver oil and fatty fish, such as salmon. Small amounts are found in egg yolks and liver. Vitamin D helps in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and supports the production of several proteins involved in calcium absorption and storage. Vitamin D works with calcium to build bones.
Vitamin E
The most valuable sources of dietary vitamin E include vegetable oils, margarine, nuts, seeds, avocados and wheat germ. Safflower oil contains large amounts of vitamin E, and there are trace amounts in corn oil and soybean oil. Vitamin E is actually a family of related compounds called tocopherols and tocotrienols. The main health benefit of vitamin E comes from its immune supporting antioxidant activity. Vitamin E is one of the fat-soluble antioxidants in the body.
Calcium
Calcium is found in milk, cheese, yogurt, corn tortillas, Chinese cabbage (Napa), kale and broccoli. Calcium is an essential mineral with a wide range of biological roles. Calcium is needed for maintaining healthy bones. The skeleton has an obvious structural requisite for calcium, as well as acts as a storehouse for calcium. Apart from being a major constituent of bones and teeth, calcium supports healthy muscle function. Sufficient calcium is necessary for maintaining bone density, healthy teeth and bones.
Chromium
Chromium is a trace mineral found naturally in some cereals, meats, poultry, brewer’s yeast, broccoli, prunes mushrooms, fish and beer.
Copper
The richest sources of dietary copper can be derived from organ meats, seafood, nuts, seeds, wheat bran cereal, whole grain products and cocoa products. Copper is an essential trace mineral. It supports nerve and immune health.
Iodine
Iodine is found in most seafood and in iodised salt. It is a necessary component of thyroid hormones and helps maintain healthy metabolism.
Magnesium
Foods rich in magnesium include unpolished grains, nuts and green vegetables. Green, leafy vegetables are rich sources of magnesium because of their chlorophyll content. Meats, starches and milk are less rich sources of magnesium. Refined and processed foods are generally quite low in magnesium. Magnesium is a component of the mineralised part of bone in adults. It is involved in the mobilisation and transportation of calcium for further utilisation. It works together with calcium and vitamin D to help keep bones strong. Magnesium also helps in maintaining healthy muscle.
Manganese
Manganese is a mineral found in large quantities in both plant and animal matter. The most valuable dietary sources of manganese include whole grains, nuts, leafy vegetables and teas. Manganese is concentrated in the bran of grains, which is often removed during processing. It supports healthy connective tissue and bones.
Potassium
Foods rich in potassium include fresh vegetables and fruits such as bananas, oranges, cantaloupe, avocado, raw spinach, cabbage and celery. Potassium is an essential mineral that helps to keep fluid balance. It also plays a role in a wide variety of biochemical and physiological processes. Potassium supports healthy muscle function.
Selenium
The best dietary sources of selenium include nuts, unrefined grains, brown rice, wheat germ and seafood.
Zinc
Zinc is largely found in fortified cereals, red meats, eggs, poultry and certain seafood, including oysters. It is a component of multiple enzymes and proteins. Zinc is an essential trace mineral that has functions in many different enzyme reactions. Thus, zinc plays a part in almost all biochemical pathways and physiological processes. More than 90 percent of the body’s zinc is stored in the bones and muscles, but zinc is also found in virtually all body tissues. It has been claimed that zinc supports immune health. Because zinc is involved in such a great number of enzymatic processes it has been found to support a large range of functions including supporting protein synthesis and healthy enzyme activity.
Biotin
Biotin can be found in food sources, such as egg yolks, peanuts, beef liver, milk (10 mcg/cup), cereals, almonds and Brewer’s yeast. Biotin supports energy metabolism.
FAQ
A vitamin may be broadly defined as a substance that is essential for the maintenance of healthy functions of the human body, but which is not produced in the body and, therefore, must be consumed from a source outside the body.
How important are minerals?
Minerals provide a vital role in nutrition. There are a number of vital roles that minerals play in the body like metabolism of protein, carbohydrates and lipids. In addition to their assistance in the metabolic process, minerals aid the regulation of water and electrolyte balance.
What is Isotonix Multivitamin?
Isotonix Multivitamin contains 100 percent or more of the recommended daily allowance of many essential vitamins and minerals, and can be taken in addition to your regular diet if you are not consuming sufficient vitamins and minerals through your daily diet.
What's the directions for use?
Directions for use: Pour 1 level, white bottle capful of powder into the overcap. Add water to the line on the overcap (2 fl. Oz/60 mL) and stir. As a dietary supplement, take once daily or as directed by your healthcare provider. Maximum absorption occurs when taken on an empty stomach. This product is isotonic only if the specified amounts of powder and water are used.
Who can take Isotonix Multivitamin?
This product is for ADULT USE ONLY. Even when eating a balanced diet, it may be difficult to consume the recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals each day. Numerous studies have been conducted on the importance of vitamins and minerals. One can consider supplementing diet with a multivitamin to support general good health.
Science
- Abbasi AA, Prasad AS, Rabbani P, DuMouchelle E. Experimental zinc deficiency in man. Effect on testicular function. J Lab Clin Med. 1980 Sep;96(3):544-50.
- Abid M, Billington CJ, Nuttall FQ. Thyroid function and energy intake during weight gain following treatment of hyperthyroidism. J Am Coll Nutr. 1999 Apr;18(2):189-93.
- Addison WLT, The use of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bromide and potassium bromide in cases of arterial hypertension which are amenable to potassium chloride. Can Med Assoc J. 1928; 18:281-285.
- Allende LM, Corell A, Madrono A, Gongora R, Rodriguez-Gallego C, Lopez-Goyanes A, Rosal M, Arnaiz-Villena A. Retinol (vitamin A) is a cofactor in CD3-induced human T-lymphocyte activation. Immunology. 1997 Mar;90(3):388-96
- Anderson RA. Effects of chromium on body composition and weight loss. Nutr Rev. 1998 Sep;56(9):266-70.
- Arthur JR. Functional indicators of iodine and selenium status. Proc Nutr Soc. 1999 May;58(2):507-12.
- Backstrom MC, Maki R, Kuusela AL, Sievanen H, Koivisto AM, Ikonen RS, Kouri T, Maki M. Randomised controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation on bone density and biochemical indices in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1999 May;80(3):F161-6.
- Bahadori B, Wallner S, Schneider H, Wascher TC, Toplak H. Effect of chromium yeast and chromium picolinate on body composition of obese, non-diabetic patients during and after a formula diet. Acta Med Austriaca. 1997;24(5):185-7.
- Baly DL, Schneiderman JS, Garcia-Welsh AL. Effect of manganese deficiency on insulin binding, glucose transport and metabolism in rat adipocytes. J Nutr. 1990; 120:1075-1079.
- Baron JA, Beach M, Mandel JS, et al. Calcium supplements for the prevention of colorectal adenomas. N Engl J Med 1999;340:101-107.
- Baron JA, Tosteson TD, Wargovich MJ, et al. Calcium supplementation and rectal mucosal proliferation: a randomized controlled trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:1303-1307.
- Bates CJ. Vitamin A. Lancet. 1995; 345:31-35.
- Baxter GF, Sumeray MS, Walker JM. Infant size and magnesium: insights into LIMIT-2 and ISIS-4 from experimental studies. Lancet. 1996; 348:1424-1426.
- Behl C. Vitamin E and other antioxidants in neuroprotection. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1999 May;69(3):213-9. 4. Botterweck AA, van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA. Vitamins, carotenoids, dietary fiber, and the risk of gastric carcinoma: results from a prospective study after 6.3 years of follow-up. Cancer. 2000 Feb 15;88(4):737-48.
- Bellamy MC, Gedney JA. Unrecognized iron deficiency in critical illness. Lancet. 1998; 352:1903.
- Beutler E, Larsh SE, Gurney CW. Iron therapy in chronically fatigued nonanemic women: a double-blind study. Ann Intern Med. 1960; 52:378-394.
- Bostick RM, Kushi LH, Wu Y, et al. Relation of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy food intake to ischemic heart disease mortality among postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149:151-160.
- Britton J, Pavord I, Richards K, et al. Dietary magnesium, lung function, wheezing, and airway hyper-reactivity in a random adult population sample. Lancet. 1994; 344:357-362.
- Brown JE, Wahle KW Effect of fish-oil and vitamin E supplementation on lipid peroxidation and whole-blood aggregation in man. Clin Chim Acta. 1990 Dec 14;193(3):147-56.
- Brun JF, Dieu-Cambrezy C, Charpiat A, Fons C, Fedou C, Micallef JP, Fussellier M, Bardet L, Orsetti A. Serum zinc in highly trained adolescent gymnasts. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1995 Jan-Mar;47(1-3):273-8.
- Bruner AB, Joffe A, Duggan A, et al. Randomised study of cognitive effects of iron supplementation in non-anaemic iron-deficient adolescent girls. Lancet. 1996; 348:992-997.
- Buchinger W, Lorenz-Wawschinek O, Semlitsch G, Langsteger W, Binter G, Bonelli RM, Eber O. Thyrotropin and thyroglobulin as an index of optimal iodine intake: correlation with iodine excretion of 39,913 euthyroid patients. Thyroid. 1997 Aug;7(4):593-7.
- Butterfield DA, Koppal T, Subramaniam R, Yatin S. Vitamin E as an antioxidant/free radical scavenger against amyloid beta-peptide-induced oxidative stress in neocortical synaptosomal membranes and hippocampal neurons in culture: insights into Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci. 1999;10(2):141-9
- Calomme MR, Vandem Berghe DA. Supplementation of calves with s
- Cappuccio FP, MacGregor GA. Does potassium supplementation lower blood pressure? A meta-analysis of published trials. J Hypertens. 1991; 9:465-473.
- Carlisle EM. Silicon as a trace nutrient. Sci Total Environ. 1988; 73:95-106.
- Carlisle EM. The nutritional essentiality of silicon. Nutr Rev. 1982; 40:193-198.
- Casscells W. Magnesium and myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1994; 343:807-809.
- Christiansen CW, Rieder MA, Silverstein EL, Gencheff NE. Magnesium sulfate reduces myocardial infarct size when administered before but not after coronary reperfusion in a canine model. Circulation. 1995; 92:2617-2621.
- Comstock GW, Alberg AJ, Huang HY, Wu K, Burke AE, Hoffman SC, Norkus EP, Gross M, Cutler RG, Morris JS, Spate VL, Helzlsouer KJ. The risk of developing lung cancer associated with antioxidants in the blood: ascorbic acid, carotenoids, alpha-tocopherol, selenium, and total peroxyl radical absorbing capacity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997 Nov;6(11):907-16.
- Cooke MS, Evans MD, Podmore ID, et al. Novel repair action of vitamin C upon in vivo oxidative DNA damage. FEBS Lett. 1998; 439:363-367.
- Cooney RV, Franke AA, Hankin JH, Custer LJ, Wilkens LR, Harwood PJ, Le Marchand L. Seasonal variations in plasma micronutrients and antioxidants. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1995 Apr-May;4(3):207-15.
- Couzy F, Lafargue P, Guezennec CY. Zinc metabolism in the athlete: influence of training, nutrition and other factors. Int J Sports Med. 1990 Aug;11(4):263-6.
- Dallman PR. Iron deficiency and the immune response. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987; 46:329-334.
- Daudu PA, Kelley DS, Taylor PC, Burri BJ, Wu MM. Effect of a low beta-carotene diet on the immune functions of adult women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 Dec;60(6):969-72.
- Dawson-Hughes B. Vitamin D and calcium: recommended intake for bone health. Osteoporos Int. 1998;8 Suppl 2:S30-4. 6. Feit JM. Calcium and vitamin D supplements for elderly patients. J Fam Pract. 1997 Dec;45(6):471-2.
- de Lourdes Lima M, Cruz T, Carreiro Pousada J, et al. The effect of magnesium supplementation in increasing doses on the control of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1998; 21:682-686.
- de Valk B, Marx JJM. Iron, atherosclerosis, and ischemic heart disease. Arch Int Med. 1999; 159:1542-1548.
- Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1997.
- Dorgan JF, Schatzkin A. Antioxidant micronutrients in cancer prevention. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1991 Feb;5(1):43-68.
- Dreon DM, Butterfield GE. Vitamin B6 utilization in active and inactive young men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986 May;43(5):816-24.
- Duffy SJ, Gokce N, Holbrook M, et al. Treatment of hypertension with ascorbic acid. Lancet. 1999; 354:2048-2049.
- Durlach J, Durlach V, Bac P, et al. Magnesium and therapeutics. Magnes Res. 1994; 7:313-328.
- Elisaf M, Merkouropoulos M, Tsianos EV. Siamopoulos KC. Pathogenetic mechanisms of hypomagnesemia in alcoholic patients. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 1995; 9:210-214.
- Elitsur Y, Neace C, Liu X, Dosescu J, Moshier JA. Vitamin A and retinoic acids immunomodulation on human gut lymphocytes. Immunopharmacology. 1997 Jan;35(3):247-53.
- Enstrom JE, Kanim LE, Klein MA. Vitamin C intake and mortality among a sample of the United States population. Epidemiology. 1992; 3:194-202.
- Facchinetti F, Borella P, Sances G, et al. Oral magnesium successfully relieves premenstrual mood changes. Obstet Gynecol. 1991; 78:177-181.
- Facchinetti F, Borella P, Sances G, et al. Oral magnesium successfully relieves premenstrual mood changes. Obstet Gynecol. 1991; 78:177-181.
- Fairbanks VF. Iron in medicine and nutrition. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1999:193-221.
- Fang J, Madhavan S, Alderman MH. Dietary potassium intake and stroke mortality. Stroke. 2000; 31:1532-1537.
- Fields M, Lewis CG. Starch diets high in iron can duplicate the severity of copper deficiency in rats fed fructose. J Med Food. 1998; 1:193-199.
- Finch CA, Huebers H. Perspectives in iron metabolism. N Engl J Med. 1982; 306:1520-1528.
- Flatt PR, Juntti-Berggren L, Berggren PO, Gould BJ, Swanston-Flatt SK. Failure of glucose tolerance factor-containing Brewer's yeast to ameliorate spontaneous diabetes in C57BL/KsJ DB/DB mice. Diabetes Res. 1989 Mar;10(3):147-51.
- Futoryan T, Gilchrest BA. Retinoids and the skin. Nutr Rev. 1994; 52:299-310.
- Gleeson M, Bishop NC. Elite athlete immunology: importance of nutrition. Int J Sports Med. 2000 May;21 Suppl 1:S44-50.
- Grant KE, Chandler RM, Castle AL, Ivy JL. Chromium and exercise training: effect on obese women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997 Aug;29(8):992-8.
- Gullestad L, Dolva LO, Soyland E, et al. Oral magnesium supplementation improves metabolic variables and muscle strength in alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1992; 16:986-990.
- Guo WD, Chow WH, Zheng W, Li JY, Blot WJ. Diet, serum markers and breast cancer mortality in China. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1994 Jun;85(6):572-7.
- Harris ED. Cellular copper transport and metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr. 2000; 20:291-310.
- Harrison MD, Jones CE. Solioz M, Dameron CT. Intracellular copper routing: the role of copper chaperones. Trends Biochem Sci. 2000; 25:29-32.
- Health & Medicine. (Statistical Data Included) American Fitness, July, 1999 Tannen RL. Effects of potassium on blood pressure control. Ann Intern Med. 1983; 98(part 2):773-780.
- Hemila H, Douglas RM. Vitamin C and acute respiratory infections. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1999; 3:756-761.
- Hermans JJ, Fischer MA, Schiffers PM, Struijker-Boudier HA. High dietary potassium chloride intake augments rat renal mineralocorticoid receptor selectivity via 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999; 1472:537-549.
- Hermansen K. Diet, blood pressure and hypertension. Br J Nutr. 2000; 83 Supp1:S113-S119.
- Hintze G, Kobberling J. Dietary iodine deficiency. Its consequences in the aged. Fortschr Med. 1992 Apr 10;110(10):163-6.
- Huebers HA, Beguin Y, Pootrakul P, et al. Intact transferrin receptors in human plasma and their relation to erythropoiesis. Blood. 1990; 75:102-107.
- Hughes K, Chua LH, Ong CN. Serum selenium in the general population of Singapore, 1993 to 1995. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1998 Jul;27(4):520-3.
- Hunt CD, Johnson PE, Herbel J, Mullen LK. Effects of dietary zinc depletion on seminal volume and zinc loss, serum testosterone concentrations, and sperm morphology in young men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 Jul;56(1):148-57.
- Hwang J, Peterson H, Hodis HN, et al. Ascorbic acid enhances 17 beta-estradiol-mediated inhibition of oxidized low density lipoprotein formation. Atherosclerosis. 2000; 150:275-284.
- Ishimitsu T, Tobian L, Sugimoto K, Everson T. High potassium diets reduce vascular and plasma lipid peroxides in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1996; 18:659-673
- Ishimitsu T, Tobian L, Sugimoto K, Lange JM. High potassium diets reduce macrophage adherence to vascular wall in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Vasc Res. 1995; 32:406-412.
- Ishimitsu T, Tobian L, Uehara Y, et al. Effect of high potassium diets on the vascular and renal prostaglandin system in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1995; 53:255-260.
- Ishimitsu T, Tobian L. High potassium diets reduce endothelial permeability in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1997; 23:241-245.
- ISIS-4 (Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. ISIS-4: a randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulfate in 58,050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1995; 345:669-685.
- Jacobson SG, Cideciyan AV, Regunath G, et al. Night blindness in Sorsby's fundus dystrophy reversed by vitamin A. Nature Gen. 1995; 11:27-32.
- Jin L, ChaoL, Chao J. Potassium supplement upregulates the expression of renal kalikrein and bradykinin B2 receptor in SHR. Am J Physiol. 1999; 276:F476-F484.
- Johnson WT, Thomas AC. Copper deprivation potentiates oxidative stress in HL-60 cell mitochondria. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1999; 221:147-152.
- Kao WHL, Folsom AR, Nieto J, et al. Serum and dietary magnesium and the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (editorial). Arch. Int Med. 1999; 159:2151-2159.
- Khaw K-T, Barrett-Conner E. Dietary potassium and stroke-associated mortality. N Engl J Med. 1987; 316:235-240.
- Klevay LM. Cardiovascular disease from copper deficiency — a history. J Nutr. 2000; 130:489S-492S.
- Klevay LM. Coronary heart disease: the zinc/copper hypothesis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1975; 28:764-774.
- Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Seppanen R, Rissanen A, Aromaa A, Heinonen OP, Albanes D, Heinonen M, Pukkala E, Teppo L. Dietary antioxidants and the risk of lung cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Sep 1;134(5):471-9.
- Krieger D, Krieger S, Jansen O, et al. Manganese and chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Lancet. 1995; 346:270-274.
- Krishna GG, Miller E, Kapoor S. Increased blood pressure during potassium depletion in normotensive men. N Eng J Med. 1989; 320:1177-1182.
- Krotkiewski M, Gudmundsson M, Backstrom P, Mandroukas K. Zinc and muscle strength and endurance. Acta Physiol Scand. 1982 Nov;116(3):309-11.
- Kung AW, Janus ED. Thyroid dysfunction in ambulatory elderly Chinese subjects in an area of borderline iodine intake. Thyroid. 1996 Apr;6(2):111-4.
- Lamberg L. Diet may affect skin cancer prevention. JAMA. 1998 May 13;279(18):1427-8.
- Lee M-O, Han S-Y, Jiang S, et al. Differential effects of retinoic acid on growth and apoptosis in human colon cancer cell lines associated with the induction of retinoic acid receptor beta. Biochem Pharmacol. 2000; 59:485-496.
- Lim R, Herzog WR. Magnesium for cardiac patients: is it a valuable treatment supplement? Contemp Int Med. 1998; 10:6-9.
- Lin H, Young DB. Interactions between plasma potassium and epinephrine in coronary thrombosis in dogs. Circulation. 1994; 89:331-338.
- Loeper J, Goy-Loeper J, Rozensztajn L, Fragny M. The antiatheromatous action of silicon. Atherosclerosis. 1979; 33:397-408.
- LoPresti JS, Gray D, Nicoloff JT. Influence of fasting and refeeding on 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine metabolism in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991 Jan;72(1):130-6.
- Lucas MJ, Leveno KJ, Cunningham FG. A comparison of magnesium sulfate with phenytoin for the prevention of eclampsia. N Engl J Med. 1995; 333:201-205.
- Lukaski HC. Magnesium, zinc, and chromium nutriture and physical activity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Aug;72(2 Suppl):585S-93S.
- Luoma P. Antioxidants, infections and environmental factors in health and disease in northern Finland. Int J Circumpolar Health. 1998 Jul;57(2-3):109-13.
- Ma G, Young DB, Clower BR. Inverse relationship between potassium intake and coronary artery disease in the cholesterol-fed rabbit. Am J Hypertens. 1999; 12:821-825.
- Manore MM. Effect of physical activity on thiamine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 requirements. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Aug;72(2 Suppl):598S-606S.
- Martini LA. Magnesium supplementation and bone turnover. Nutr Rev. 1999; 57:227-229.
- Mauskop A, Altura BM. Role of magnesium in the pathogenesis and treatment of migraines. Clin Neurosci. 1998; 5:24-27.
- McCabe RD, Backarich MA, Srivastava K, Young DB. Potassium inhibits free radical formation. Hypertension. 1994; 24:77-82.
- McCabe RD, Young DB. Potassium inhibits cultural vascular smooth muscle proliferation. Am J Hypertens. 1994; 7:346-350.
- McCarty MF. Chromium and other insulin sensitizers may enhance glucagon secretion: implications for hypoglycemia and weight control. Med Hypotheses. 1996 Feb;46(2):77-80.
- McDonald R, Keen CL. Iron, zinc and magnesium nutrition and athletic performance. Sports Med. 1988 Mar;5(3):171-84.
- Meunier PJ. Calcium, vitamin D and vitamin K in the prevention of fractures due to osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 1999;9 Suppl 2:S48-52.
- Miller ER 3rd, Appel LJ, Levander OA, Levine DM. The effect of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on traditional cardiovascular risk factors. J Cardiovasc Risk. 1997 Feb;4(1):19-24.
- Miller JW. Vitamin E and memory: is it vascular protection? Nutr Rev. 2000 Apr;58(4):109-11. Bell L, Halstenson CE, Halstenson CJ, et al. Cholesterol-lowering effects of calcium carbonate in patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. Arch Intern Med. 1992; 152:2441-2444.
- Morse AC, Beard JL, Jones BC. A genetic development model of iron deficiency: biological aspects. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1999; 220:147-152.
- Ness AR, Chee D, Elliot P. Vitamin C and blood pressure—an overview. J Hum Hypertens. 1997; 11:343-350.
- Nielsen FH. Ultratrace minerals. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1999:283-303.
- Nielsen FH. Ultratrace minerals. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 199:283-303.
- Nishi Y. Anemia and zinc deficiency in the athlete. J Am Coll Nutr. 1996 Aug;15(4):323-4.
- Orchard TJ. Magnesium and type 2 diabetes mellitus (editorial). Arch Int Med. 1999; 159:2119-2120. Keen CL, Ensunsa JL, Watson MH, et al. Nutritional aspects of manganese from experimental studies. Neurotoxicol. 1999; 20:213-223.
- Paul T, Meyers B, Witorsch RJ, Pino S, Chipkin S, Ingbar SH, Braverman LE. The effect of small increases in dietary iodine on thyroid function in euthyroid subjects. Metabolism. 1988 Feb;37(2):121-4.
- Pauling L. Evolution and the need for ascorbic acid. Proc Natl Acad SciUSA. 1970; 67:1643-1648.
- Pauling L. The significance of the evidence about ascorbic acid and the common cold. Proc Natl Acad SciUSA. 1971; 68:2678-2681.
- Penn ND, Purkins L, Kelleher J, Heatley RV, Mascie-Taylor BH, Belfield PW. The effect of dietary supplementation with vitamins A, C and E on cell-mediated immune function in elderly long-stay patients: a randomized controlled trial. Age Ageing. 1991 May;20(3):169-74.
- Podmore ID, Griffiths HR, Herbert KE, et al. Vitamin C exhibits pro-oxidant effects. Nature. 1998; 392:559.
- Prasad AS, Cossack ZT. Neutrophil zinc: an indicator of zinc status in man. Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 1982;95:165-76.
- Prasad AS. Zinc deficiency in human subjects. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1983;129:1-33.
- Rayssiguier Y, Gueux E, Bussiere L, Mazur A. Copper deficiency increases the susceptibility of lipoproteins and tissues to peroxidation in rats. J Nutr. 1993; 123:1343-1348.
- Reading SA. Chromium picolinate. J Fla Med Assoc. 1996 Jan;83(1):29-31.
- Reinhardt W, Holtermann D, Benker G, Olbricht T, Jaspers C, Reinwein D. Effect of small doses of iodine on thyroid function during caloric restriction in normal subjects. Horm Res. 1993;39(3-4):132-7.
- Rico H, Gallego-Lago JL, Hernandez ER, at al. Effect of silicon supplement on osteopenia induced by ovariectomy in rats. Calcif Tissue Int. 2000; 66:53-55.
- Robuschi G, Emanuele R, Cavalli Sforza LT, Arsenio L, Strata A, Gnudi A, Roti E. Effect of iodine administration on thyroid function in diabetic patients. Acta Diabetol Lat. 1984 Oct-Dec;21(4):357-60.
- Rock E, Mazur A, O'Connor JM, et al. The effect of copper supplementation on red blood cell oxidizability and plasma antioxidants in Middle-aged healthy volunteers. Free Rad Biol Med. 2000; 28:324-329.
- Rokitzki L, Sagredos A, Keck E, Sauer B, Keul J. Assessment of vitamin B2 status in performance athletes of various types of sports. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1994 Feb;40(1):11-22.
- Ross AC, Stephensen CB. Vitamin A and retinoids in antiviral responses. FASEB J. 1996; 10:979-985.
- Ross AC. Vitamin A and retinoids. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1999:305-327.
- Saari JT, Sahuschke DA. Cardiovascular effects of dietary copper deficiency. Biofactors. 1999; 10:359-375.
- Schwarz K. A bound form of silicon in glycosaminoglycans and polyuronides. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 1973; 70:1608-1612.
- Schwarz K. Silicon, fibre, and atherosclerosis. Lancet. 1977; 1:454-457.
- Scrimshaw NS, San Giovanni JP. Synergism of nutrition, infection, and immunity: an overview. Am J Clin N. 1997; 66:464S-477S.
- Semba RD. The role of vitamin A and related retinoids in immune function. Nutr Rev. 1998 Jan;56(1 Pt 2):S38-48.
- Semba RD. Vitamin A and immunity to viral, bacterial and protozoan infections. Proc Nutr Soc. 1999 Aug;58(3):719-27.
- Semba RD. Vitamin A, immunity, and infection. Clin Infect Dis. 1994 Sep;19(3):489-99.
- Shephard RJ, Shek PN. Immunological hazards from nutritional imbalance in athletes. Exerc Immunol Rev. 1998;4:22-48.
- Silva JE. Effects of iodine and iodine-containing compounds on thyroid function. Med Clin North Am. 1985 Sep;69(5):881-98.
- Singh MA. Combined exercise and dietary intervention to optimize body composition in aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Nov 20;854:378-93.
- Skaper SD, Fabris M, Ferrari V, et al. quercetin protects cutaneous tissue-associated cell types including sensory neurons from oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion: cooperative effects of ascorbic acid. Free Rad Biol Med. 1997; 22:669-678.
- Sohlenius-Sternbeck A-K, Appelkvist E-L, De Pierre JW. Effects of vitamin A deficiency on selected xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and defenses against oxidative stress in mouse liver. Biochem Pharmacol. 2000; 59:377-383.
- Stahelin HB. Critical reappraisal of vitamins and trace minerals in nutritional support of cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 1993 Nov;1(6):295-7.
- Strause L, Saltman P, Glowacki J. The effect of deficiencies of manganese and copper on osteo-induction and on resorption of bone particles in rats. Calcif Tissue Int. 1987; 41:145-150
- Suboticanec K, Stavljenic A, Bilic-Pesic L, Gorajscan M, Gorajscan D, Brubacher G, Buzina R. Nutritional status, grip strength, and immune function in institutionalized elderly. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1989;59(1):20-8.
- Sugimoto K, Tobian L, Ishimutsu T, Lange JM. High potassium diets greatly increase growth-inhibiting agents in aortas of hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 1992; 19:749-752.
- Sugimoto T, Tobian L, Ganguli MC. High potassium diets protect against dysfunction of endothelial cells in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 1988:11:579-585.
- Suzuki M, Itokawa Y. Effects of thiamine supplementation on exercise-induced fatigue. Metab Brain Dis. 1996 Mar;11(1):95-106.
- Taddei S, Virdis A, Ghiadoni L, et al. Vitamin C improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation by restoring nitric oxide activity in essential hypertension. Circulation. 1998; 97:2222-2229.
- Takahashi T, Fujimori K, Simon SL, Bechtner G, Edwards R, Trott KR. Thyroid nodules, thyroid function and dietary iodine in the Marshall islands. Int J Epidemiol. 1999 Aug;28(4):742-9.
- Tannen RL. Effects of potassium on blood pressure control. Ann Intern Med. 1983; 98(part 2):773-780.
- Taylor PR, Li B, Dawsey SM, Li JY, Yang CS, Guo W, Blot WJ. Prevention of esophageal cancer: the nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China. Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials Study Group. Cancer Res. 1994 Apr 1;54(7 Suppl):2029s-2031s.
- Thilly CH, Swennen B, Bourdoux P, Ntambue K, Moreno-Reyes R, Gillies J, Vanderpas JB. The epidemiology of iodine-deficiency disorders in relation to goitrogenic factors and thyroid-stimulating-hormone regulation. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993 Feb;57(2 Suppl):267S-270S.
- Thurnham DI. Micronutrients and immune function: some recent developments. J Clin Pathol. 1997 Nov;50(11):887-91.
- Tobian L. Salt and hypertension. Lessons from animal models that relate to human hypertension. Hypertension. 1991; 17:152-158.
- Toyama T, Kubuki Y, Suzuki M. Tsubouchi H. [Copper deficiency anemia and neutropenia secondary to total gastrectomy]. [Article in Japanese]. Rinsho Ketsueki. 2000; 41:441-443.
- Trent LK, Thieding-Cancel D. Effects of chromium picolinate on body composition. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1995 Dec;35(4):273-80.
- Turnlund Jr. Copper. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M. Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in health and Disease, 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1999:241-252.
- Underwood BA, Arthur P. The contribution of vitamin A to public health. FASEB J. 1996; 10:1040-1048
- Uusitupa MI, Mykkanen L, Siitonen O, Laakso M, Sarlund H, Kolehmainen P, Rasanen T, Kumpulainen J, Pyorala K. Chromium supplementation in impaired glucose tolerance of elderly: effects on blood glucose, plasma insulin, C-peptide and lipid levels. Br J Nutr. 1992 Jul;68(1):209-16.
- van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA, van 't Veer P, Bode P, Dorant E, Hermus RJ, Sturmans F. A prospective cohort study on selenium status and the risk of lung cancer. Cancer Res. 1993 Oct 15;53(20):4860-5.
- van der Heyden JT, Docter R, van Toor H, Wilson JH, Hennemann G, Krenning EP. Effects of caloric deprivation on thyroid hormone tissue uptake and generation of low-T3 syndrome. Am J Physiol. 1986 Aug;251(2 Pt 1):E156-63.
- Van Hooser JP, Aleman TS, He Y-G, et al. Rapid restoration of visual pigment and function with oral retinoid in a mouse model of childhood blindness. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000; 97:8623-8628.
- Vatassery GT, Bauer T, Dysken M. High doses of vitamin E in the treatment of disorders of the central nervous system in the aged. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Nov;70(5):793-801.
- Vatassery GT. Vitamin E and other endogenous antioxidants in the central nervous system. Geriatrics. 1998 Sep;53 Suppl 1:S25-7.
- Waggoner DJ, Bartnikas TB, Gitlin JD. The role of copper in neurodegenerative disease. Neurobiology of Disease. 1999; 6:221-230.
- Wahl R, Pilz-Mittenburg KW, Heer W, Kallee E. Iodine content in diet and excretion of iodine in urine. Z Ernahrungswiss. 1995 Dec;34(4):269-76.
- Walker LS, Bemben MG, Bemben DA, Knehans AW. Chromium picolinate effects on body composition and muscular performance in wrestlers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Dec;30(12):1730-7.
- Wang Y, Mackenzie B, Tsukaguchi H, et al. Human vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) transporter SVCT1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000; 267:488-494.
- Wargovich MJ, Eng VWS, Newmark HL. Calcium inhibits the damaging and compensatory proliferative effects of fatty acids on mouse colon epithelium. Cancer Lett. 1984; 23:253-258.
- Weaver CM, Heaney RP. Calcium. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1999:141-155.
- West KP Jr, Pokhrel RP, Katz J, et al. Efficacy of vitamin A in reducing preschool child mortality in Nepal. Lancet. 1991; 338:67-71.
- West SG, Light KC, Hinderliter AL, et al. Potassium supplementation induces beneficial cardiovascular changes during rest and stress in salt sensitive individuals. Health Psychol. 1999; 18:229-240.
- Whelton PK, He J, Cutler JA, et al. Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical triglyceride trials. JAMA. 1997; 277:1624-1632.
- Wolf RL, Cauley JA, Baker CE, et al. Factors associated with calcium absorption efficiency in pre- and perimenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 72:466-471.
- Young DB, Lin H, McCabe RD. Potassium's cardiovascular protective mechanisms. Am J Physiol. 1995; 268:R825-R837.
- Young DB, Ma G. Vascular protective effects of potassium. Semin Nephrol. 1999; 19:477-486.
- Zemel MB, Shi H, Greer B, et al. Regulation of adiposity by dietary calcium. FASEB J. 2000; 14:1132-1138.
- Zhou B, Wang T, Sun G, Guan P, Wu JM. A case-control study of the relationship between dietary factors and risk of lung cancer in women of Shenyang, China. Oncol Rep. 1999 Jan-Feb;6(1):139-43.
- Zhou MS, Nishida Y, Yoneyama H, et al. Potassium supplementation increases sodium excretion in hypertensive Dahl rats. Clin Exp Hypertens